Abstract: The Fuheyuan Nature Reserve is located in the southeastern of Jiangxi Province. The surveys of fish resources were conducted in May and July 2018. A total of 20 fish species were recorded, belonging to 9 families and 4 orders. Cypriniformes are the greatest, accounting for 55% of total fish. Dominant fish species are Acrossocheilus parallens, Carassius auratus and Zacco platypus. Carnivorous, omnivorous, demersal and settlement fish were mainly ecological types. Fish diversity index was the highest in the YXG (H′=1.52; D=2.07) and the lowest in the YXR2 (H′=0.84; D=0.99). Analysis of the linear regression equation of fish body length and weight showed that Acrossocheilus parallens (b=2.903), Carassius auratus (b=3.039) and Opsariichthys bidens (b=2.994) increased at the same rate, while Squalidus argentatus (b=2.459) and Zacco platypus (b=3.398) have different growth rates. There were great differences among the lower reaches of YXG, TXR, HLR and YXR2 based on beta diversity, indicating significant differences in fish species in these regions. Moreover, fish composition similarity between ZHR1, TXR, YXR2 and YXR2 is low. The research results supplement the basic data of the fish community structure and main fish growth characteristics in the reserve, and provide a theoretical basis for the protection and management of fish resources in the Fuheyuan Nature Reserve.