野生与池塘、工厂化养殖牙鲆肌肉理化品质及质构特性比较研究
COMPARISON OF THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL QUALITIES AND THE MUSCLE TEXTURAL CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN THE WILD, POND-AND FACTORY-CULTURED PARALICHTHYS OLIVACEUS
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摘要: 实验以牙鲆为研究对象, 测定野生与池塘、工厂化养殖牙鲆肌肉的持水性、胶原蛋白含量、肌纤维直径和质构特性, 以了解3种生长方式下牙鲆肌肉理化品质及质构特性的差异。结果表明: (1) 3种生长方式牙鲆有眼侧及无眼侧肌肉的滴水损失均呈野生组池塘组工厂化组(P0.01); 工厂化组失水率显著小于野生组及池塘组(P0.01), 而野生组与池塘组无显著差异(P0.05)。(2) 3种生长方式牙鲆有眼侧及无眼侧肌肉胶原蛋白含量和纤维直径差异均不显著 (P0.05)。(3)通过主成分分析, 发现黏附性和胶黏性是反映牙鲆肌肉质构特性的主要因素。工厂化养殖牙鲆肌肉具有较好的持水能力, 池塘养殖牙鲆肌肉的理化品质和质构特性与野生牙鲆相近。野生牙鲆并没有在理化特性上表现出明显优势。Abstract: In this study, we compared the physicochemical qualities and the muscle textural characteristic including the water holding capacity, the collagen content, the muscle fiber diameter and other textural characteristics, between the wild, pond-cultured, and factory-cultured Paralichthys olivaceus. Our observations were: (1) The drip loss rate of the muscles on the eye side or blind side followed the order wildpondfactory (P0.01). The water loss of the factory-cultured group was higher than that of the wild and the pond-cultured groups (P0.01). There was no significant difference between the wild group and the pond-cultured group (P0.05). (2) There were no differences in the collagen content or the muscle fiber diameter of the muscles on the eye side or the blind side between the three groups (P0.05). (3) The principal component analysis suggested that adhesiveness and gumminess were the main indicators of the textural characteristics of the P. olivaceus muscles. The factory-cultured P. olivaceus showed higher water-holding capacity, while the pond-cultured P. olivaceus and the wild P. olivaceus were similar regarding the physicochemical qualities and the textural characteristics of the muscles. The results implied that the wild P. olivaceus might not have remarkable advantage in the physicochemical qualities.
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