饲料中添加外源酶对大黄鱼和鲈氮磷排泄的影响

EFFECTS OF EXOGENOUS ENZYMES ON AMMONIA NITROGEN AND SOLUBLE PHOSPHORUS EXCRETION IN LARGE YELLOW CROAKER (PSEU DOSCIAENA CROCEA) AND JAPANESE SEABASS(LATEOLABRAX JAPONICU S)

  • 摘要: 本研究以大黄鱼和鲈为实验对象,探讨饲料中添加植酸酶(PY)和非淀粉性多糖酶(WX和VP)对其氨氮和可溶性磷(PO43--P)排泄的影响。以含植物蛋白的饲料为基础饲料,分别向每千克饲料中添加200mg植酸酶(酶的活性为2500IU/g)、800mg WX(主要包括葡聚糖酶、戊聚糖酶和纤维素酶,各种酶的活性皆为50IU/g)、400mg VP(主要为木聚糖酶,酶的活性为1000IU/g)以及800mg WX+400mg VP配制出5种实验饲料。实验鱼在海水网箱中经过8周的摄食驯养后,转入室内水族箱中进行氮磷排泄测定实验。在水族箱中经2天的适应后,测定饥饿状态下氨氮及可溶性磷的排泄率。然后饱食投喂,并连续测定摄食后48h内鱼体氨氮和可溶性磷的排泄率。实验期间水温为26.5-32.5℃,盐度为32.5‰-36‰,溶氧在7 mg/L以上。实验结果表明,饥饿状态下实验鱼的氨氮和可溶性磷排泄不受实验饲料影响(p0.05)。而在饱食条件下,实验饲料中添加非淀粉性多糖酶(WX、VP及WX+VP)显著降低了实验鱼的氨氮排泄率(p0.05),而添加植酸酶组实验鱼的氨氮排泄率与对照组差异不显著。饲料处理对实验鱼可溶性磷的排泄率的影响不显著(p0.05),但添加植酸酶组实验鱼的可溶性磷排泄率有增加的趋势。

     

    Abstract: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary phytase (PY) and non-starch polysaccharide enzyme(WX and VP) on ammonia nitrogen and soluble phosphorus excretion in large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) andJapanese seabass (Lateolabrax japonicus), respectively.Using soybean meal, rapeseed meal, peanut meal, fish meal and meatand bone meal as protein sources, fish oil and soybean oil as lipid sources, lysine, methionine and valine as supplements simu-lated the essential amino acid pattern of fish meal, five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic experimental dietswere formulated to con-tain 0, 200mg/kg phytase (2500 IU per gram), 800mg/kg WX (mainly including glucanase, pentosanase and cellulosase, eachwith 50 IU per gram), 400mg/kg VP (mainly including xylanase, 1000 IU per gram), and the combination of 800 mg/kg WXand 400mg/kg VP, respectively.Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicategroups of fish, and each group was stocked with180 large yellow croaker (initial body weight, (1.88±0.02) g) or 60 Japanese seabass initial body weight, (6.28±0.1)g.Fish were fed twice daily (06: 30 and 16: 30) to satiation for 8 weeks.During the experimental period, the water temperaturefluctuated from 26.5 e to 32.5 e, salinity from 32j to 36 j and dissolved oxygen was approximately 7mg/L.After feeding for8 weeks in sea cages with experimental diets, fish from each cage (3 fishes per cage) were transferred into indoor tank (20L) todetermine ammonia nitrogen and soluble phosphorus excretion rates in starvation and satiation condition.Each tank stocked with1 large yellow croaker (12.48±1.02) g or 1 Japanese seabass (54.87? 2.34) g.The ammonia nitrogen was determined by thesodium hypobromite oxidation method.The soluble phosphorus was determined by phosphorus molybdenum bluemethod.There-sults showed that ammonia nitrogen and soluble phosphorus excretion rates of fish in starvation condition were not affected by theexperimental diets (p>0.05).However, the ammonia nitrogen excretion rates in satiation condition were significantly lower infish fed with diets supplemented with the combination of WX and VP, WX or VP than that fed with basal diet and phytase sup-plemented diet (p0.05), but therewas an upward trend of soluble phosphorus excretion rate in fish fed with phytase supplementeddiet.These findings in the present study suggested that supplementation of 200 mg phytase per kilogram diet might degrade thedietary phytate and increase availabile phosphorus absorbability, but not significant effects on ammonia nitrogen excretion rates oflarge yellow croaker and Japanese seabass.The non-starch polysaccharide enzymes (400 mg VP, 800 mg WX, or the combina-tion of 800 mg WX and 400 mg VP per kilogram diet) were effective to degrade the ant-i nutritional effect of non-starch polysac-charide and decrease ammonia nitrogen excretion rates of large yellow croaker and Japanese seabass, but not significant effects onsoluble phosphorus excretion rates of experimental fish.

     

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