团头鲂的胚胎及成体组织中八种同工酶系统的研究

THE STUDY OF EIGHT ISOZYMIC SYSTEMS IN THE EMBRYOS AND ADULTS OF THE BLUNT-SNOUT BREAM

  • 摘要: 用垂直的淀粉凝胶电泳方法分析了胚胎发育阶段(0—105小时)和成体6种组织中的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)、葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PD)、醇脱氢酶(ADH)、异柠檬酸脱氢酶(IDH)、酯酶(EST)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)等8种同工酶系统的酶带。共约有23个基因座位在其胚胎发育期和成体组织中表达。所分析的大多数同工酶在团头鲂个体发生过程中表达的情况大致可分为3种类型:①胚胎发育期间持续存在的同工酶类,它们在成体组织中无特异性分布;②到胚胎发育后期才开始表达的同工酶类,它们往往和特定的组织或器官的形态发生或机能分化紧密相关,并在成体组织中呈特异性分布;③在成体组织中都没有被发现而只在胚胎发育期所特有的同工酶。团头鲂的MDH同工酶类之间以及它们和G6PD同工酶活性变化之间存在着相关性,二者可能存在共同的调控机制。与许多其他鱼类不同,团头鲂的GDH同工酶在整个胚胎发育过程中都有活性,但在其成体组织中无特异性分布。基因调控系统的时空精确性是保证团头鲂胚胎发育正常代谢活动的必要条件。

     

    Abstract: The ontogenesis of eight isozymic systems in the developing blunt-snout bream, Megalobrama amblycephala, were analyzed with corresponding morphological changes of embryos.The isozymic patterns of eight isozymic systems. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Malate dehydrogenase (MDH), Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), Esterase (EST), and alkaline phosphatase (AKP), in the early embryonic stages (0-105 hr after fertilization) and six adult tissues of the fish were determined by vertical starch-gel electrophoresis. Approximately 23 loci that encoded these isozymes were expressed in the embryonic stages and adult tissues. The investigated isozymes may be classified into three types of expression. First, those enzymes constantly present in developing embryos, such as LDH-B4, LDH-A1B3 and EST-5, tended to be ordinarily present in ahnost all adult tissues; secondly, the enzymes that appeared in posterial stages of embryogenesis, were found in particular adult tissues or organs and closely correlated to the morphological or functional differentiation of those tissues or organs, such as LDH-C4 and IDH; the third type was the "embryo-specific" enzymes including EST-1 and E-MDH, which were found free from adult tissues, so that they are considered to be "stage specific". In addition, the changes of the activities between groups of MDH as well as those between MDH and G6PD exhibited certain relationships which probably demonstrated that there was a coordinate controlling system. Being different from results of many fishes, the GDH enzyme pattern of the blunt-snout bream was observed tbrought its embryonic stage, but it had no specificity in the adult tissues. The activity of several essential isozymes in relation to metabolic activities of embryonic development was also discussed. It is clear that the exactness of time-space effect in the gene control system is essential for ensuring normal metabolic activities in the ontogenesis of the blunt-snout bream.

     

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