Abstract: In our experiments, Daphnia carinata and Moina micura were used as material to evaluate the toxicity of BPA and NP. From acute experiments, the 24h and 48h LC50 of D. carinata to BPA were 12.02mg/L and 11.64mg/L, the 24h and 48h LC50 of M. micura to BPA were 13.70mg/L and 9.63mg/L, respectively. The 24h and 48h LC50 of D. carinata to NP were 0.221mg/L and 0.159mg/L, the 24h and 48h LC50 of M. micura to NP were 0.334mg/L and 0.126mg/L, re-spectively. It indicated that M. micura was more sensitive to the toxicity of BPA and NP than D. carinata, which offers a good tool to evaluate the pollution of water environment. In chronic experiments, there is a significant relationship between the ratio of male offspring in total offspring and the exposed concentration of BPA and the effects looks like a hormesis phe-nomenon. The life history and the survive rate of offspring exhibited a negative correlation to the exposed concentration of NP, our results suggested that the chronic toxicity of BPA and the acute toxicity of NP were very important to evaluate the pollution of water environment by the two compounds.