乌龟繁殖生态的研究
STUDIES ON THE BREEDING ECOLOGY OF THE TORTOISE, CHINEMYS REEVESII(GRAY)
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摘要: 乌龟大部分时间生活在水中,但要经常游出水面呼吸空气和摄食,夏秋时节有爬在岸边晒太阳的习性,冬、春两季有蛰伏休眠的习性。乌龟产卵季节和产卵窝数主要受温度制约,在湖南产卵时间为5—8月,产卵高峰出现在7月上旬,产卵多在夜间进行,龟卵一般产在高出水平面30厘米以上的泥土中。龟无护卵和孵卵的本能,龟卵在自然界靠地温孵出稚龟来,但人工孵化可使龟卵的孵化率提高到87.6%以上,孵化时间可以缩短到64天左右。Abstract: The breeding season of tortoise lasts from May to August, but the peak of spawning occurs in the first ten-day of July. The temperature for breeding was found to be 20-38℃ and the optimal temperature at 31℃. The eggs were laid in nest situated 30 cm above water surface. The construction of nests for egglaying was carried out mainly by the females at night. Nests were digged vertically, being about 50 mm in depth, with a diameter of about 41ram at the opening and 50 mm around the bottom. Clutch size varied from 1 to 13 eggs, with a mean of 5.6 eggs. Eggs are ellipsoidal, white in color and opaque. The relationship between weight (W) and axis (L1 L2) of egg may be expressed as W=0.001405+0.186111 and W=0.000589+0.332912 When the number of females were three times as that of males, the average fetilization rate of eggs were estimted to be 79.73%. Accumulated temperature for hatching were 4125°C.h. The incubation lasted 64.39 days (indoor) and 76 days (outdoor) and the hatching rates were 87.6% (indoor) and 15.79--55.6% (outdoor), respectively. Tortoise just hatched were 4.15±0.1037(g) in weight.Results of hatching rate in relation to several artificial hatching conditions are also dealt with in the paper.