饲料中单独或联合添加乳酸菌对大口黑鲈生长及免疫性能的影响

SINGLE OR CONJOINT ADMINISTRATION OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA ON THE GROWTH AND IMMUNE RESPONSE OF MICROPTERUS SALMOIDES

    摘要
  • 摘要: 试验旨在分析在饲料中单独或联合添加2种乳酸菌对大口黑鲈生长速度和免疫性能的影响, 试验共分为4组: C0组作为对照, 使用基础饲料; T1、T2和T3组则分别在基础饲料中添加了1.0×108 CFU/g的植物乳杆菌LP-37、1.0×107 CFU/g的戊糖片球菌PP-23, 以及两者按此浓度组合的混合益生菌。每个实验组均设置了3个重复, 每个重复包含50尾大口黑鲈, 养殖周期为6周。结果显示: T1、T2、T3组的大口黑鲈在终末体重、增重率和特定生长率方面均显著优于C0组(P<0.01), 并且在饵料系数方面, T1至T3组均显著低于C0组(P<0.05)。其中, T3组, 在促生长方面效果最为显著。在肠道组织形态方面, T1和T3组绒毛高度均极显著高于C0组(P<0.01), T3组绒毛宽度显著高于C0、T1和T2组(P<0.05), 各试验组肌层厚度均极显著高于C0组(P<0.05)。各试验组均能提高大口黑鲈血清中碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶和总超氧化物歧化酶的活性, 及肠道中胃蛋白酶、α-淀粉酶和脂肪酶的活性, 并且与促生长结果类似, T3组提升的幅度最大。与C0组相比, T1—T3组大口黑鲈脾脏和头肾中IL-1β、IL-8、TNF-α、IFN-γ等基因表达量显著降低(P<0.05), IL-10、TGF-1β等基因表达量显著提高(P<0.05), 其中, T3组效果最显著。综上所述, 饲料中添加LP-37和PP-23能显著提高大口黑鲈的生长性能、血清和肠道中酶活性, 增强抗炎因子的表达, 降低促炎因子的表达, 显著改善肠道形态, 且联合添加组优于单一添加组。

     

    Abstract: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the individual and combined effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP-37 (GenBank No. OP824883) and Pectiococcus pentosus PP-23 (GenBank No. OP824884) on the growth and immune response of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). There were four experimental groups: C0, T1, T2, and T3. Fish were fed with a basal diet (C0) supplemented with 1.0×108 CFU/g of LP-37 (T1), 1.0×107 CFU/g of PP-23 (T2), and a combination of 1.0×108 CFU/g of LP-37+1.0×107 CFU/g of PP-23 (T3) for 6 weeks. Each group had three replicates, 50 fish per replicate. The results indicated that the final body weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate in T1—T3 were significantly higher than those of the C0 group (P<0.01), while the feed conversion ratio was significantly lower (P<0.05). Notably, the T3 group exhibited the most pronounced growth promoting effects. The villus height in T1 and T3 groups was significantly higher than that of fish in C0 group (P<0.01), and the villus width in T3 group was significantly higher than that in C0, T1, and T2 groups (P<0.05). The muscle layer thickness in T1—T3 group was also significantly higher than that in the C0 group (P<0.05). Furthermore, single or conjoint administration of lactic acid bacteria resulted in elevated levels of three serum enzymes and intestinal digestive enzyme activity in largemouth bass, with the LP-37+PP-23 combination yielding the higher levels. Comparing with the C0 group, IL-1β, IL-8, TNF- α, and IFN-γ mRNA expression levels in the spleen and head kidneys of T1—T3 group significantly decreased (P<0.05), while expression levles of IL-10 and TGF-1β significantly increased (P<0.05). Hence, supplementation with LP-37 and PP-23 additives significantly improve the growth, enzyme activity in the serum and intestine, increased expression of anti-inflammatory factors, decreased expression of pro-inflammatory factors, and significantly improved the intestinal morphology in largemouth bass. Moreover, the probiotic effect of LP-37+ PP-23 was particularly effective.

     

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