不同投喂频率下复合非粮蛋白源替代鱼粉饲料对大口黑鲈生长性能和健康的影响

DIFFERENT DIETARY REPLACEMENTS OF FISHMEAL BY NON-FOOD PROTEINS BLEND ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, HEALTH OF LARGEMOUTH BASS (MICROPTERUS SALMOIDES) AT DIFFERENT FEEDING FREQUENCIES

  • 摘要: 为探究投喂频率对不同水平的复合非粮蛋白源替代饲料鱼粉对大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)生长性能、血浆生化、肠道形态和抗氧化的影响, 设计了棉籽浓缩蛋白、乙醇梭菌蛋白、黄粉虫粉和小球藻4种非粮蛋白源混合(8﹕5﹕3﹕4)后替代0、30%、60%和90%的鱼粉的四种等氮等脂饲料(D1、D2、D3和D4), 设置3个投喂频率(1、2和4次/d)。每个处理组3个重复, 每个重复50尾体重为(14.23±0.07) g的大口黑鲈幼鱼, 进行为期8周的室外养殖实验。结果显示, 在不同投喂频率条件下, 摄食D4饲料组大口黑鲈的特定生长率(SGR)和蛋白质沉积率(PRE)显著低于D1—D3组, 饲料系数(FCR)显著升高(P<0.05)。在各饲料组中, 投喂1次/d组的特定生长率显著低于2和4次/d投喂组(P<0.05)。在不同投喂频率条件下, 摄食D4饲料组大口黑鲈血浆胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量显著低于D1组, 谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性显著高于D1组(P<0.05)。在各饲料组中, 投喂1次/d大口黑鲈血浆葡萄糖(Glu)含量, 碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性显著高于2和4次/d组(P<0.05), 而总蛋白(TP)和白蛋白(ALB)含量显著低于其他两组(P<0.05)。在投喂1次/d的处理组中, 摄食D4饲料组的全鱼粗脂肪和血浆低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量显著降低, 水分含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。各投喂频率下, D4饲料组大口黑鲈肠道组织丙二醛(MDA)含量显著高于D1组, 而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著低于D2组(P<0.05)。在各饲料组中, 投喂2次/d组的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著高于1次/d组(P<0.05)。组织学结果显示, 在摄食不同饲料条件下, 投喂2次/d的大口黑鲈肠道绒毛高度、杯状细胞数量、肌层厚度和绒毛表面积显著高于投喂1次/d, 投喂4次/d的大口黑鲈肠道隐窝深度显著低于1次/d (P<0.05)。综上所述, 以2次/d投喂60%替代水平新型蛋白源复合饲料的大口黑鲈可以获得较好的生长和饲料利用。

     

    Abstract: An 8-week growth trial was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing dietary fishmeal with a novel protein blend and different feeding frequencies on growth performance, plasma biochemistry, intestinal morphology and antioxidant of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmonids) initial body weight of (14.23±0.07) g. Four non-food protein sources including cottonseed protein concentrate, Clostridium autoethanogenum protein, yellow mealworm meal and Chlorella meal were mixed at 8﹕5﹕3﹕4 to replace 0, 30%, 60% and 90% fishmeal (D1, D2, D3 and D4, respectively). The fish were fed at 1, 2 or 4 meals/d. The results showed that, at different feeding frequencies, specific growth rate (SGR) and protein retention efficiency (PRE) of largemouth bass in D4 group were significantly lower than those in D1, D2 and D3 groups, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly increased (P<0.05). Among the fish fed with different diets, those in the group fed 1 meal/d showed significantly lower SGR than the groups 2 and 4 meals/d groups (P<0.05). Furthermore, at different feeding frequencies, largemouth bass fed D4 diet demonstrated significantly lower plasma total cholesterol (TC) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) contents levels compared to the D1 group, while alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were significantly higher (P<0.05). The plasma contents of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glucose (GLU) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) were significantly higher in the 1 meal/d group compared to the 2 and 4 meals/d groups (P<0.05), while the contents of total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) were significantly lower than those of the other two groups (P<0.05). The D4 diet group showed significantly decreased crude lipid and plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in whole body, while the moisture content was significantly higher (P<0.05). Moreover, the intestinal tissue of largemouth bass in D4 group had significantly higher malondialdehyde (MDA) levels compared to D1 group, while the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly lower than that in D2 group (P<0.05). The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and catalase (CAT) activities in the group fed 2 meals/d were significantly higher than those in the group fed 1 meal/d (P<0.05). Histological results showed that the intestinal villus height, goblet cell number, muscle thickness and villus surface area of largemouth bass fed 2 meals/d were significantly higher than those fed 1 meal/d, while the intestinal crypt depth of largemouth bass fed 4 meals/d was significantly lower than that fed 1 meal/d (P<0.05). In conclusion, the 60% replacement of dietary fishmeal by the blend of four novel proteins fed at 2 meals/d could obtain better growth and feed utilization in largemouth bass.

     

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