Abstract: Changfeng silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) (CF) is a new variety obtained by artificially selective breeding in China. Genetic monitoring the germplasm resources of Changfeng silver carp play an important role in maintaining its excellent traits. 18 microsatellite markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic structure in Changfeng silver carp (CF) populations. The results showed that the genetic diversity of silver carp (L) was higher than that of CF. The average number of alleles (N_a) from CF₁ to CF₃ of CF offspring decreased from 5.7222 to 5.0556, and the average effective allele (N_e) were from 3.2551 to 3.1461. The average observed heterozygosity (H_o), the average expected heterozygosity (H_e), and the polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.6975 to 0.5407, 0.6422 to 0.6235, and 0.5784 to 0.5609, respectively. The F_st among the progeny of L and CF ranged from 0.0160 to 0.0315, indicating that the population of L has been genetically differentiated with low degree of differentiation. These results showed that the genetic structure of CF₁ to CF₃ exhibit slightly declining genetic diversity after three successive generations, whereas the genetic diversity was still abundant. Our study provides a basis for maintaining the genetic diversity of Changfeng silver carp.