稻田养殖铜锈环棱螺繁殖与仔螺生长特性

THE REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH PATTERN OF LARVAE OF BELLAMYA AERUGINOSA CULTURED IN RICE FIELD

  • 摘要: 为阐明稻田养殖模式下铜锈环棱螺的繁殖特点及仔螺的生长规律, 于2019年5—11月对稻田养殖的铜锈环棱螺进行逐月采样分析。研究结果表明, 稻田养殖铜锈环棱螺的产仔高峰期为6月, 仔螺的产出规律为2个月1个周期。最小繁殖体重为0.9 g, 最小繁殖月龄为2月龄。不同体重规格的性成熟雌螺, 其怀胚量与体重呈显著正相关, 随体重增加, 怀胚量呈显著增加的趋势。不同体重组间, 体重为1.00—3.99 g的铜锈环棱螺间的怀胚量没有显著差异, 而其他各体重组间均存在显著差异。仔螺生长特性, 6月和7月为铜锈环棱螺仔螺的快速生长期, 壳高相对增长率分别为47.95%和36.99%, 体重相对增长率分别为180.60%和128.43%。铜锈环棱螺仔螺壳宽、壳口宽与壳高呈正相关的线性关系, 壳高和体重呈正相关的幂函数关系, 壳高-体重拟合方程为W=0.0005H2.785, 壳高生长方程为Ht=19.368/(1+3.608e–1.056t), 拐点壳高为9.684 mm, 拐点月龄为1.215月, 最大月增高5.113 mm。体重生长方程为Wt =2.012e–5.051exp(–0.753t), 拐点体重为0.740 g, 拐点月龄为2.151月, 最大月增重0.557 g。综上, 稻田养殖铜锈环棱螺的产仔高峰期为6月, 2月龄达到性成熟, 6月和7月是仔螺的快速生长期。

     

    Abstract: Bellamya is an important freshwater snail, which widely distributes in different lakes. It has high nutritional value and is the main source of famous food, Liuzhou River snails rice noodle, and it had been mainly captured from the lake distributing in basin of the Yangtze River. With the implement of 10-year Fishing Ban on Yangtze River, the supply of wild Bellamya will be shut down. So, artificial culture become urgent and necessary. In order to supply Bellamya for Liuzhou River snails rice noodle, we carried out the experiment of reproduction and larval B. aeruginosa growth in rice field. The adult B. aeruginosa was captured from the lake in Hubei Province and transported to Liuzhou by truck in April, 2019. Then it was cultured in rice field with 667 m2 area in Liuzhuo, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. It was cultured 150 kg in each field. B. aeruginosa was fed with compound feed, and was sampled in 0.25 m2 area each month from May to November in 2019. The reproductive pattern and the brood amount were calculated. Meanwhile, the shell height, shell width, shell mouth width and body weight of larval B. aeruginosa were measured. The fitting equations and the growth equation were calculated. The main results were as follows: In rice field, the reproductive peak period of B. aeruginosa was in June. The reproductive cycle was 2 months during the reproductive period. The minimum body weight of reproductive individual was 0.9 g, and the minimum age of reproduction individual was 2 months. This result was similar to the results from the natural ecological group. The brood amount were significantly difference in different body weight groups, except in 1.00 g to 3.99 g groups, which were significantly related to body weight, and the heavier individual had the more brood mount. About the growth pattern, the rapid growth period of larval B. aeruginosa were June and July, then it is increased slowly from August. The relative growth rate of shell height were 47.95% and 36.99% in June and July, and the relative growth rate of body weight were 180.60% and 128.43% in June and July, respectively. This kind of growth pattern was similar to other aquatic organisms. In rice field, there were positive linear relationship between shell width/shell mouth width and shell height, and positive power regression between shell height and body weight. The fitting equations of the shell height and body weight of larval B. aeruginosa was W=0.0005 H2.785. Using three different growth equations, i.e. Bertallanffy, Logistic, and Gompertz, fit the growth model between shell height and the growth time, and body weight and the growth time. All three growth equations were fitting good. The expression of shell height growth equation of larval B. aeruginosa in rice field was Ht=19.368/(1+3.608e–1.056t). The height of inflection point was 9.684 mm, and the age of inflection point was 1.215 months. The maximum monthly increase was 5.113 mm. The expression of body weight growth equation was Wt=2.012e–5.051exp (–0.753t), and the inflection point weight was 0.740 g. The inflection point month age was 2.151 months, and the maximum monthly gain was 0.557 g. The growth of shell height and body weight showed allometric growth because the allometric growth factor b was 2.785 (b<3). According to our results, the reproductive peak period of B. aeruginosa was in June in rice field. The minimum age of reproduction individual was 2 months. The rapid growth period of larval B. aeruginosa was from June to July.

     

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