Abstract: The behavioral study of aquatic animals is an important research direction in the field of fishery, which has important theoretical and application value for understanding the behavioral phenotypes and functions of aquatic animals, and for improving the effect of fishery production. At this stage, the research results of aquatic animal behavior have been widely applied in aquaculture, fishery resource protection and utilization, capture fishery and other fields. In the process of aquaculture production, understanding the behavior of aquatic animals can help farmers to continuously improve and optimize the culture environment and technology, and improve the efficiency of aquaculture. In fishery fishing production, the development of fishing activities should make use of the behavioral characteristics of fishing objects to a great extent. Fishermen can arrange fishing time scientifically and choose fishing methods and equipment reasonably according to the behavior characteristics of fishing objects, so as to increase the catch. In the protection of fishery resources, reasonable artificial measures should be taken to protect and restore fishery resources according to the behavioral characteristics of aquatic animals, such as habitat selection, breeding site selection, prey selection and so on, in order to realize the sustainable utilization of fishery resources. This article reviewed the current research status of aquatic animal behavior, the main types of aquatic animal behavior, the occurrence and mechanism of each behavior, the interaction between behaviors, and the application status of behaviors in fisheries. At the same time, in view of the existing problems in current aquatic animal behavior research, the future research direction and research focus of aquatic animal behavior are proposed. We suggested that the monitoring and quantification of the behavior of aquatic animals should be further strengthen. The simulation and construction of habitats in the artificial culture environment should be pay more attention in order to better study and understand the behavior of aquatic animals in the closest natural state. We encourage more systematic research on the combination of basic theory and practical application of aquatic animal behavior. This article aims to provide reference and inspiration for research in the field of aquatic animal behavior, and to provide a theoretical reference for the application of aquatic animal behavior research results in fishery.