基于生物能量学模型的尖吻鲈精准投喂管理辅助决策系统构建

ESTABLISHMENT OF PRECISE FEEDING MANAGEMENT ASSISTANT SYSTEM OF LATES CALCARIFER BASED ON BIOENERGY MODEL

  • 摘要: 为提高养殖管理的信息化、智能化水平, 研究基于生物能量学原理和生产养殖数据构建了精养条件下尖吻鲈(Lates calcarifer)精准投喂管理模型, 并通过软件开发, 构建了方便使用的精准投喂管理辅助决策系统。该系统主要功能为可预测尖吻鲈生长周期中任一时间点的生长、任一生长点的饲料需求量及养殖周期对水体排放的氮磷次生污染。结果显示, 通过建模和分析, 发现尖吻鲈在其生长过程中含有1个异速生长点, 由此将尖吻鲈的生长周期分为2个生长期: <296 g(第一生长期)和>296 g(第二生长期); 在尖吻鲈的两个生长期中, 相比于特定增长率、日均增重和日增长系数等生长模型, 优化后的热积温系数模型对尖吻鲈的生长预测效果更佳; 采用实际蛋白含量分别为44.4%和42.6%的商业饲料投喂不同生长时期的尖吻鲈, 每生产1000 kg尖吻鲈(体重为1—1000 g), 所需要的消化能约为2.33×107 kJ, 所排放的总固态污染物约为543 kg; 验证实验中尖吻鲈体重的模型预测值与实际观测值之间显著相关, 饲料系数(FCR)模型观测值大于实际预测值。以上结果表明, 实验中构建的精准投喂管理模型可以有效地估计养殖中鱼体生长情况和饲料需求, 但由于实际养殖中饲料投喂多为过量投喂, 可能导致实际投喂量大于养殖需求量, 进而导致污染排放量的增加。研究中开发的精准投喂管理辅助决策系统软件, 为养殖投喂管理精准化和信息化奠定了一定的理论和技术基础。

     

    Abstract: With the rapid development of Internet and large-scale, intensive, industrialized, refined and information-based aquaculture industry, the aquaculture industry will gradually enter an era of intelligent transformation and upgrading. The realization of aquaculture management information and intelligence can significantly reduce the cost and improve the economic and ecological benefits of aquaculture. Based on the data of bioenergy and culture production, we established a precise feeding management model under the condition of intensive culture of Lates calcarifer and built a precise feeding management assistant system through the development of software, which can predict the growth, feed requirement of Lates calcarifer at any time point and pollution of nitrogen and phosphorus discharged from water during the breeding period. The results showed that there was a allometric growth point in the growth cycle of Lates calcarifer that divided into two growth stages: <296 g (stage 1) and >296 g (stage 2). Compared with other growth models (SGR, ADG, DGC), the revised thermal-unit growth coefficient (TGC) model can more accurately predict the growth of Lates calcarifer in two growth stages. The digestible energy requirement of the Lates calcarifer was about 2.33×107 kJ per ton (body weight was 1—1000 g). The total solid waste output from the consumption of 1t feed or the production of 1t fish was 349 kg and 543 kg based on Lates calcarifer which were fed with 44.4% and 42.6% crude protein in stage 1 and stage 2, respectively. There was a significant correlation between the predicted and observed values of body weight of Lates calcarifer, but the observed values of FCR was significantly higher than that of the predicted values, which may explained by the excessive use of feed. These results indicate that the precision fish farming model can effectively estimate the growth and feed requirement of Lates calcarifer in precision culture operation. The developed precision feeding management assistant system has laid a theoretical and technical foundation for the precision and informatization of fish feeding management.

     

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