Abstract: Phospholipase A₂ plays a role in physiological and pathological processes such as phospholipid metabolism, inflammatory response, cell proliferation, and atherosclerosis. To investigate the biological function of sPLA₂-III, five Ccpla2g3 paralogous genes located on different linkage groups were identified from the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) whole-genome using BLAST and synteny analysis performed by Genomicus, which named as Ccpla2g3a1, Ccpla2g3a2, Ccpla2g3b, Ccpla2g3c1 and Ccpla2g3c2, respectively. Gene structure and sequence analysis showed that Ccpla2g3as contained 7 exons, whereas Ccpla2g3b and Ccspla2g3cs contained 4 exons. These five genes respectively encoded 530, 525, 461, 752 and 753 amino acids, and all contained the PLA₂_bee_venom_like region and characteristic sequences of sPLA₂-III. Synteny analysis indicated that Ccpla2g3a1, Ccpla2g3a2, Ccpla2g3c1 and Ccpla2g3c2 were from the specific genome duplication of common carp. During evolution, the pla2g3a (b) in 2R (two rounds of genome duplication) fish, spotted gar (Lepisosteus oculatus) duplicated to pla2g3a and pla2g3b in 3R (fish-specific genome duplication, FSGD) fishes such as zebrafish (Danio rerio), but there was only one pla2g3c gene in 3R fishes because the other copy on the duplicated chromosome was lost. Homology analysis showed that the similarities of Pla2g3as, Pla2g3bs and Pla2g3cs of the analyzed fishes in orthologous proteins were 48.8%—93.2%, 37.6%—74.3% and 49.6%—97.6%, respectively, with the highest one between common carp and zebrafish. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Pla2g3cs of teleost’s and their ancestor, spotted gar, were grouped within the same branch with a bootstrap of 100; Pla2g3as and Pla2g3bs of spotted gar and teleost’s excluding common carp and zebrafish fell into one branch with a bootstrap of 96; Pla2g3bs of common carp and zebrafish formed a separate branch, demonstrating a larger variation of the gene during evolution. The expression of Ccpla2g3as was generally low during the whole early developmental stages of common carp, and it was higher in liver than other detected tissues (P<0.01) in adult fish; the expression level of Ccpla2g3b at 0.5h after fertilization was significantly higher than that of the later sampling points (P<0.05) with the highest level in ovary (P<0.01); the expression of Ccpla2g3cs reached the highest level at 120h, and it was higher in brain than in other parts. Generally, this study revealed the genetic structure, phylogeny and expression patterns of sPLA2-III in common carp.