Abstract: To optimize the cultivation condition of microalgae, single-factor design and orthogonal experiments were performed to assess the growth rate, total lipid content and fatty acid composition of STR01 by temperature, light intensity and salinity. The results showed that all these ecological factors exerted significant effects on the growth, total lipid content and fatty acid composition of STR01 (P< 0.05) with the appropriate temperature for growth at 15—35℃, the optimum temperature at 25—30℃ (K-value 0.679—0.682) and the optimum temperature for total lipid content accumulation at 25℃ (17.23%). The highest PUFA content at 34.23% appeared at 20℃. The appropriate light intensity for growth was 40—120 μmol/(m²·s) and the optimum one was 60 μmol/(m²·s). The light intensity of 40 μmol/(m²·s) had the highest PUFA accumulation at 34.29%. The appropriate salinity for growth was 10—35 and the optimum salinity was 25. The orthogonal experiments showed that the optimum condition for growth was temperature 30℃, light intensity 60 μmol/(m²·s), and salinity 25, and that the optimum total lipid accumulation was temperature 30℃, light intensity 60 μmol/(m²·s) and salinity 20, and that the optimum PUFA content was temperature 25℃, light intensity 60 μmol/(m²·s), and salinity 20 at 37%. In conclusion, STR01 was promising prospect in future aquaculture with fast growth rate and high total lipid and PUFA contents.