Abstract: To investigate the effects of swimming exercise on growth performance and serum and liver antioxidant indices, the Sparus macrocephalus length of (6.75±0.03) cm, weight of (11.56±0.15) g were training under four swimming exercise intensities (control group 0, training group 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 bl/s (body length/s)) for 2 weeks. The exercise fish had significantly lower specific growth rate (SGR) and weight gain rate (WGR) than that of unexercise fish, and the survival rate (SR) of 4.0 bl/s group was the lowest. The blood glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (TCHO), triacyglycerol (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) content, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) activity decreased significantly in the group of 2.0 bl/s, while tatol protein (TP), albumin protein (ALB), globulin protein (GLB) content, alkaline-phosphatase (AKP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activity, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and glutathione(GSH) content increased significantly. H₂O₂ content, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity increased with the increasing swimming exercise intensity, while the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) dropped in varying degrees. There were no significant differences in the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl, and the activity of lysozyme (LZM) was observed among the treatment with various swimming intensity. 2 week swimming exercise significantly enhanced serum inhibit hydroxyl free radical capacity. Hepatic T-AOC and MDA had no significant changed by various swimming intensity, but GSH content, AKP, ACP and CAT activity increased with the increase of swimming intensity. The result suggested that swimming exercise training under 2.0 bl/s could effectively enhance antioxidant capacity of Sparus macrocephalus.