Abstract: As a large group of water bloom forming cyanobacteria, Dolichospermum genus has been attracted more attention and its taxonomic status and biological characteristics were significantly improved. The present study performed a detailed description of a newly found Dolichospermum mendotae (Trelease) Wacklin, et al. 2009 from Lushui Reservoir, Hubei, China. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the Dolichospermum mendotae strain was very similar to the strains isolated from Japan, Spain and Czech. Cyanotoxin detection including neutoxin gene test and bioassay demonstrated that the Dolichospermum mendotae strain examined in this study was not neurotoxin producer.