Abstract: In this paper, based on the current status of water environment, living resources and ecosystem structure of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), we clarified the necessity and importance of ecological fisheries in the TGR as a way of ecosystem protection and as green agriculture for local people. We put forward the overall goal and basic principles of ecological fisheries development in the TGR, underlining the priority of ecological security and water quality conservation. The introduction of alien species should be strictly prohibited in the reservoir. Enhancement of indigenous fish resources should be carried out through protection of natural reproduction, fishing management, and stocking with suitable species and number. To achieve a win-win situation for environmental protection and fishery benefit in the TGR, it is necessary to establish feasible ecosystem regulation technologies by optimizing the allocation of fish composition and food web structure and promoting high efficiency of nutrient cycling and energy transfer. We analyzed the main research tasks and key technologies for ecological fisheries in the TGR at the present stage, centering on the relevant aspects including protection of wild fishes, stocking enhancement, fishing management, fishery regulation in tributaries, biomanipulation on algal blooms, coordination of community fishery, and overall fishery planning. We suggested that there should be more studies in the future conducted on the related ecological theories and methods, technology demonstration, and application of key technologies.