浙江南部沿岸产卵场春季虾类群落结构特征分析
ANALYSIS ON THE COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS OF SHRIMPS IN THE COASTAL SPAWNING GROUND OF SOUTH ZHEJIANG DURING SPRING
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摘要: 根据2011年春季(46月)对浙江南部沿岸产卵场进行的共3个航次的底拖网调查数据, 分析了该海域虾类的群落结构特征。结果表明:春季共发现虾类22种, 隶属于1目9科16属; 虾类生物量与尾数密度的最小值与最大值均分别出现在5月与6月; 细巧仿对虾、葛氏长臂虾与周氏新对虾为各月的共同优势种; 5月与6月的多样性指数(H)存在显著差异(P0.05); 多样性指数(H)和水深、底盐与生物量均呈线性负相关(P0.05)。浙江南部沿岸产卵场春季虾类群落以广温广盐种为主、结构简单, 其多样性(H)随水深、底盐与生物量的增加而降低, 各月共同优势种对生物量与尾数密度的贡献率均超过四成。Abstract: On the basis of three surveys carried out by bottom trawl in spring (April, May and June) of 2011 on the coastal spawning ground of South Zhejiang, the community characteristics and its resource status were analyzed by five methods including sweep-area method, analysis of variance, linear correlation analysis, cluster analysis, and non-metric multidimensional scaling. The results showed that 22 species of shrimps were sampled in spring, belonging to sixteen families of nine orders in one class. Among them, sixteen shrimps were sampled in April, belonging to twelve families of eight orders; seventeen shrimps were sampled in May, belonging to thirteen families of seven orders; seventeen shrimps were sampled in June, belonging to thirteen families of eight orders. In the above-mentioned 22 shrimps, there were twelve eurythermal and euryhaline species, eight eurythermal and hyposaline species, and two hyperthermal and hysaline species in spring. There were ten eurythermal and euryhaline species, five eurythermal and hyposaline species, and one hyperthermal and hysaline species in April; ten eurythermal and euryhaline species, five eurythermal and hyposaline species, and two hyperthermal and hysaline species in May; ten eurythermal and euryhaline species, six eurythermal and hyposaline species, and one hyperthermal and hysaline species in June. Both the biomass and the number abundance density indices of shrimps were the highest in June, and the lowest in May. Parapenaeopsis tenella, Palaemon gravieri and Metapenaeus joyneri were the common dominant species of April, May and June. The Shannon-Wiener indices (H) in May and June were significantly different (P0.05). There were negative liner correlation between the Shannon-Wiener (H) index and sea water depth, bottom water salinity and biomass (P0.05), respectively. In shrimp communities of spring in the study area, the community structure was simple. Its species diversity (H) decreased with the increase of the sea water depth, bottom water salinity and biomass, respectively. The eurythermal and euryhaline species occupied the dominant position. In addition, the biomass contribution of the common dominant species to all the three months was more than forty percentage, and same to the number abundance density.
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