双低菜粕替代豆粕对青鱼幼鱼生长及生理生化指标的影响
INFLUENCE OF DIETARY CANOLA MEAL LEVELS ON GROWTH AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICES IN JUVENILE MYLOPHARVNGODON PICEUS
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摘要: 以初始体重(5.77±0.05)g 的青鱼(Mylopharyngodon piceus)为研究对象, 以双低菜粕蛋白分别替代饲料中0 (对照)、25%、50%、75%和100%的豆粕蛋白, 配制双低菜粕含量分别为0、11%、22%、33%和44%的5 种等氮等能的实验饲料, 研究双低菜粕对青鱼生长、消化酶、消化率、体组成和部分生理生化指标的影响。实验在室内养殖系统中进行, 每水族箱(300 L)饲喂25 尾, 每处理组3 个重复, 以鱼体重3%—5%投喂量, 日投喂2 次, 试验持续8 周。实验结果表明, 当饲料中双低菜粕含量大于11%时, 其特定生长率、干物质和蛋白质表观消化率、肠道蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性均显著低于对照组, 当双低菜粕含量达到44%时, 饲料系数显著高于对照组(PP<0.05)。饲料菜粕对鱼体水分和蛋白含量无显著影响, 但鱼体脂肪随菜粕含量的增加而降低、脏体比指数和灰分含量有随菜粕含量的增加而升高的趋势, 肝体比指数有随菜粕含量的增加而有先升高后降低的趋势。上述结果表明, 青鱼幼鱼饲料中双低菜粕含量以不超过11%为宜。Abstract: An 8-week feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary canola meal (CM) levels on growth, feed utilization and some blood physiological-biochemical indices in juvenile black carp initial average weight of (5.77 ?0.05) g. The inclusion levels of CM were 0 (control), 11%, 22%, 33% and 44%, to replace 0, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of soybean meal (SBM), respectively. Each diet was randomly fed to triplicate groups of 25 fishes per tank (300 L). Fish were fed twice daily by hand at a rate of 3% -5% of body weight during eight weeks. The results showed that fish fed the diet with CM levels more than 11% showed relatively lower SGR, the activities of protease, amylase, lipase in intestine and apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter and protein than those fed the control diet (PPPP<0.05), AST in serum were significantly higher in fish fed diets with CM level up to 33% and 44% levels than those fed control diet. No significant differences in body moisture and protein contents were observed among dietary treatments. Declining body lipid content and increasing body ash content were observed with increasing dietary CM level. The VR increased with the increasing dietary CM level and HSI first significantly increased and then reduced. Based on these observations above, more than 11% dietary CM level could decrease growth, immunity and liver function for juvenile black carp.